Penggayaan Emas Perhiasan dalam Majlis Keraian: Implikasi Uruf Zakat di Kelantan : Gold Jewellery Adornment in Ceremonial Occasions: ʿUrf-Based Implications for Zakat in Kelantan - Mohd Azhar Abdullah; Marina Muhammad Razaki; Nurul Akma Mohamed; Nik Adlin Nazrin Nik Mohd Adib; Lokmal Hakim Che Hassan (RABBANICA - Journal of Revealed Knowledge, 2025)
Gold jewelry is deeply rooted in the cultural identity of Kelantanese women, serving both as a beauty adornment and a long-term asset. This phenomenon has led many women to accumulate jewelry quantities that surpass the local ʿurf norms. Kelantan became the last Malaysian state to set the nisab for gold jewelry at 600 grams in June 2025. The nisab across Malaysian states varies widely from 85 grams to 850 grams—causing significant discrepancies. This inconsistency raises important questions among women and academics about the research methods used to determine the ʿurf of jewelry usage. This study aims to identify the patterns and norms of gold jewelry worn by Kelantanese women during ceremonial events from the perspective of jewelry traders and to analyse their tendencies in purchasing and wearing jewelry across two lifestyle categories: moderate and luxurious. The research uses a descriptive, quantitative approach involving 12 jewelry shops in ten major districts of Kelantan, selected through purposive sampling based on over ten years of industry experience. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS version 29.0 to determine the average weight and adornment patterns during ceremonies. Results indicate that the average weight for the moderate category is 232.3 grams, while the luxurious category averages 472.75 grams, with a combined mean of 352.54 grams. Additionally, 25% of women wear up to 500 grams of gold jewelry at ceremonial events. These patterns reflect a consistent ʿurf of adornment within the local culture and offer an empirical foundation for the Kelantan Islamic Religious and Malay Customs Council (MAIK) to evaluate and establish an ʿurf-based zakat threshold that aligns with Kelantan’s socioeconomic realities. Emas perhiasan sinonim dengan budaya wanita Kelantan, berfungsi sebagai hiasan kecantikan dan aset masa hadapan. Fenomena ini mendorong sebahagian besar wanita memiliki kuantiti emas yang melebihi uruf setempat. Kelantan merupakan negeri terakhir di Malaysia yang menetapkan nisab zakat emas perhiasan sebanyak 600 gram pada Jun 2025. Julat nisab antara negeri-negeri sangat ketara; 85 gram hingga 850 gram. Ketidakseragaman tersebut menimbulkan banyak persoalan bukan sahaja kalangan wanita tetapi ahli akademik berkaitan metodologi penyelidikan yang digunakan bagi mendapatkan uruf pemakaian emas perhiasan. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti corak dan norma pemakaian emas perhiasan wanita Kelantan semasa majlis keraian berdasarkan perspektif peniaga dan menganalisis kecenderungan pembelian dan pemakaian emas perhiasan berdasarkan kategori gaya hidup sederhana dan mewah. Reka bentuk kajian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif melibatkan 12 kedai emas yang beroperasi di sepuluh jajahan utama di negeri Kelantan yang dipilih melalui persampelan bertujuan berdasarkan pengalaman melebihi sepuluh tahun dalam industri perdagangan emas perhiasan. Data dikumpul menggunakan soal selidik berstruktur dan dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif menggunakan SPSS versi 29.0 bagi menentukan purata berat serta pola pemakaian emas semasa majlis keraian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan purata berat gaya pertengahan ialah 232.3 gram, manakala gaya mewah 472.75 gram, dengan purata keseluruhan 352.54 gram. Selain itu, sebanyak 25% wanita memakai emas perhiasan seberat 500 gram ketika menghadiri majlis keraian. Corak ini memperlihatkan uruf pemakaian yang konsisten dalam budaya tempatan dan memberikan asas empirikal kepada Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat Melayu Kelantan (MAIK) untuk menilai serta menetapkan kadar uruf zakat emas perhiasan yang selaras dengan realiti sosioekonomi negeri Kelantan.